A voyage to Arabia the Happy
by the way of the eastern ocean, and the streights of the Red-Sea : perform'd by the French for the first time, A.D. 1708, 1709, 1710 : together with a particular relation of a journey from the port of Moka to the court of the king of Yemen, in the second expedition, A.D. 1711, 1712, 1713 : also, an account of the coffee-tree, and its fruit : likewise an historical treatise of the first use of coffee, and the progress it afterwards made both in Asia and Europe, how it was introduced into France, and whence it came to be so generally received at Paris.
Originally published in French under the title <em>Voyage de l’Arabie Heureuse</em>, La Roque’s travel narrative of his exploits in Arabia combines with a history of the coffee trade in this English translation of <em>A Voyage to Arabia: the Happy</em>. La Roque, a French traveler and journalist, kept a descriptive, detailed account of his travels to the East through a series of letters, and an account of the coffee plantations/ trade in Yemen. The first section of the text contains a series of letters documenting the voyage into Arabia, and the experiences of his travels there. La Roque describes the harbor, city, and people he encounters upon his arrival, documenting his visits to Moka and St. Malo. He also includes a letter regarding Sultan Mehemed Ben Beiny, and a treaty made between the Governor of Moka and the captains of the French vessels. The other parts of this text consist of an account of the coffee tree, its fruit, and a Historical Treatise of the first use of coffee. The last feature is an excellent index, which lists important components of the text alphabetically.
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<div>Marymount University’s Gomatos Collection contains a copy of this text as translated into English, published in London in 1726 for G. Strahan. It is a single volume, intact with copies of the detailed maps, drawings of the coffee tree, bean, and leaves that La Roque included in the original text.</div>
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How has the text been received and interpreted? Include a brief essay, drawing on research you have done.
<strong>Edition Information:</strong>
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<div><strong>Further Reading:</strong></div>
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<a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SA=La%20Roque%2C%20Jean%20de%2C&PID=Uptyh3PhbF4-VF5mJBxxoqpfetDL&BROWSE=1&HC=13&SID=2">La Roque, Jean de, 1661-1745.</a>
London: Published for G. Strahan
1726
Sustko, Alyce
Book; 1v
English
<a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3985255">http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3985255</a>
<div><a href="http://estc.bl.uk/T131746">http://estc.bl.uk/T131746</a></div>
Dialogues of the Dead
4th ed., corr., to which are added four new dialogues. Dialogues XXVI-XXVIII are "by another hand" i.e., Elizabeth Montagu.
<a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SEQ=20100523215122&PID=dLD5faK-m9RoVMOsje2K71yc_WY&SA=Lyttelton,+George+Lyttelton,"> Lyttelton, George Lyttelton, Baron, 1709-1773. </a>
<a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SEQ=20100523215122&PID=dLD5faK-m9RoVMOsje2K71yc_WY&SA=Montagu,+Elizabeth+Robinson,+1720-1800."> Montagu, Elizabeth Robinson, 1720-1800. </a>
London: Printed for W. Sandby
1765
Book, xv, 406 p. ; 21 cm.
<a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=5769006">http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=5769006</a>
<div><a href="http://estc.bl.uk/T78377">http://estc.bl.uk/T78377</a></div>
The Dispensary; a poem in six canto's
Edition Information: 5th Edition. A satire, attributed to Samuel Garth, on the opponents of the dispensary organized by the Royal College of Physicians. With: Poems, (&c.) on several occasions : with Valentinian, a tragedy / written by the Right Honourable John late Earl of Rochester. London : Printed for Jacob Tonson, 1696.
<a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SEQ=20100523234207&PID=yq_ko9GJzcSpC17fsFc-HbL7H&SA=Garth,+Samuel,">Garth, Samuel, Sir, 1661-1719. </a>
London : Printed and sold by John Nutt
1703
Book, 96 p., [1] leaf of plates : ill. ; 19 cm.
<a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=4120433">http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=4120433</a>
Metallographia, or, An history of metals
<a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SEQ=20100524172231&PID=auLblbbD8k3eUpY9DGvfQDFEHbJGr&SA=Webster,+John,">Webster, John, 1610-1682. </a>
London : Printed by A.C. for W. Kettiby
1671
Book, 388 p. ; 21 cm.
<a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3985324">http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3985324</a>
The eight volumes of letters writ by a Turkish spy
<em>Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy</em> marks the beginning of the espionage narrative vogue of the late seventeenth century and early eighteenth century. Publication of the first volume sparked a wave of imitations, including Ned Ward’s <em>The London Spy</em>, or <em>The Memoirs of John Baptiste de la Fontaine</em>, Charles Gildon’s <em>The Golden Spy</em>, or <em>A Political Journal of the British Nights Entertainment</em>, and Captain Bland’s <em>The Northern Atalantis</em>, or <em>York Spy</em> (McBurney 915). This genre capitalized on the mystery and intrigue of the secret informant and on the “outsiders’” perspective on social and political scandals.
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">Of the complete eight English volumes (six volumes in the French text), Giovanni Paolo Marana is credited with uncontested authorship and original ownership of volume one. Authorship of the later volumes, however, has remained open for debate, as a result of the convoluted publication and copyright history. Volumes Two and Three were also published by Marana; however, he simultaneously ceded copyright to Claude Barbin, who apparently did not hold onto those rights for very long. The next French edition was not published by Barbin but rather Etienne Ducastin in 1689. Barbin likely sold the rights to Ducastin, but that does not explain the legality or authorization of the Amsterdam single-volume edition that was published in 1688. The Amsterdam edition contained all 102 previously published letters, but divided them into four sections; this division only added to the later confusion regarding the correct number of volumes (918-919). By 1693, ownership appeared to be in the hands of John Leake and Robert Midgley. Scholars argue the possibility that hack writer William Bradshaw authored the later volumes under the direction of Robert Midgley (922). Both men participated in the publishing process of the English editions and, therefore, have raised suspicions of deeper involvement than simply translating and/or editing the manuscripts.</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">Marymount University's Gomatos Collection includes a full set of eight English volumes. The set, however, appears to be mixed; Volume One contains “The twenty-third edition;” Volumes Two through Six and Volume Eight contain “The eleventh edition;” and Volume Seven reads “The twenty-sixth edition.” The <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://estc.bl.uk/">ESTC</a></span></span> notes that the twenty-third edition of Volume One is most often found with the eleventh edition of Volumes Two through Eight. All were published in 1741 and printed for G. Strahan, S. Ballard, J. Brotherton, W. Meadows, T. Cox, W. Hinchcliffe, J. Stag, J. Clark, S. Birt, D. Brown, T. Astley, S. Austen, J. Shockburgh, L. Gilliver, J. Hodges, E. Wicksteed, J. Oswald, J. Comyns, C. Bathurst, T. Fisher, J. Carter, and A. Wilde.</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><em>Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy</em> maintains a buzz around the authorship debate and history of ownership. It also provides an interesting window into 17<sup>th</sup> century cultural interaction by illustrating Parisian society and politics through “Arabian” eyes.</p>
<strong>Edition Information <br /><br /></strong>Note that frontispiece occurs before the single title page in the physical book.<br /><br /> Vol. 1 has both general and special t.-p.; v. 2-8 have special t.-p. only.<br /><br /> Special t.p. for v. 1 contains edition statement "The twenty-third edition." Title-pages for v. 2-6, and v. 8 have statement: "The eleventh edition." Vol. 7 has statement: "The twenty-sixth edition."<br /><br /> Authorities agree that the first part of the work, published in Paris 1684, was written by Marana. The remainder has been ascribed to different Englishmen, among them Dr. Robert Midgley and William Bradshaw. It is probable however that Midgley simply edited the English translation, made by Bradshaw, of the original Italian manuscript. cf. Gentleman’s magazine, 1840-41; also, Dict. nat. biog., v. 6, p. 185; v. 37, p. 366.
<strong>Further Reading</strong><br /><br /> Aksan, Virginia H. “Is There a Turk in the Turkish Spy?” <em>Eighteenth-Century Fiction</em> 6.3 (Apr. 1994): 201-14.<br /><br />Baktir, Hasan. “A Dialogic Enlightenment Perspective: Approach to the Ottoman and European Relations in Pseudo-Oriental Letters.” <em>Turkish Studies</em> 3.4 (Summer 2008): 193-211.<br /><br />Ballaster, Ros. “The Eight Volumes of Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy (1687-1694).” <em>Fables of the East: Selected Tales 1662-1785</em>. Ed. Ros Ballaster. New York: Oxford UP, 2005. 207-210.<br /><br />Howells, Robin. “The Secret Life: Marana’s <em>Espion du Grand-Seigneur</em> (1684-86).” <em>French Studies: A Quarterly Review</em> 53.2 (Apr. 1999): 153-66.<br /><br />Kaiser, Thomas. “The Evil Empire? The Debate on Turkish Despotism in Eighteenth-Century French Political Culture.” <em>The Journal of Modern History</em> 72.1 (Mar. 2000): 6-34.<br /><br />Lee, C.D. “The Authorship of <em>Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy</em>: The Oxford Connection.” <em>Bodleian Library Record</em> 18.4 (Oct. 2004): 333-64.
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">McBurney, William H. “The Authorship of the Turkish Spy.” <em>PMLA</em> 72.5 (Dec. 1957): 915-935.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">Weitzman, Arthur J. <em>Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy</em>. New York: Columbia UP, 1970.</p>
<br />
<a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SEQ=20100524180217&PID=JmtVmtGhk84KTwjlp_3lGEHxFBDoU&SA=Marana,+Giovanni+Paolo,"> Marana, Giovanni Paolo, 1642-1693.</a><br /> <a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SEQ=20110517155057&PID=CNgPpAW8Mt4S0Ele-Nle-OenTb8&SA=Midgley,+Robert,+1655?-1723."> Midgley, Robert, 1655?-1723. </a><br /> <a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SEQ=20110517155057&PID=CNgPpAW8Mt4S0Ele-Nle-OenTb8&SA=Bradshaw,+William,+fl.+1700."> Bradshaw, William, fl. 1700. </a>
London : Printed for G. Strahan
1741
Noble, Jessica
Howe, Tonya
Book; 8 v. : port. ; 18 cm.
<a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=4111972">http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=4111972</a>
<div><a href="http://estc.bl.uk/T91587">http://estc.bl.uk/T91587</a></div>
The Hunting of the Snark: an Agony, in Eight Fits
<p><span>Published in 1876, </span><span><em>The Hunting of The Snark</em> </span><span>by Lewis Carroll is a poem about nine men and a beaver on a quest for a snark. The poem focuses on the journey the characters embark on and is so outlandish that some have called it an epic, but the tale the poem spins isn’t meant to hold any message or moral. Carroll wrote this poem without any intention for it to be seen as an allegory; it’s just a poem of nonsense about fictional beings and whimsical people. Throughout his life, Carroll loved writing stories and poems with imaginary creatures and made-up words. Between 1860 and 1863, he contributed much of his work to </span><span>College Rhymes</span><span>. Later on, he wrote his own book of poems and from those, one in particular stood out from the rest in which he called, “fits”,</span><span> which later became </span><em>The Hunting of the Snark. </em><span>The poem was created one night when he went for a walk, and the line, “For the Snark was a Boojum, you see!” popped into his head. The rest of the poem was composed over six months and over time it became an inspiration for different works, such as parodies, musical adaptations, and more. </span></p>
<p><span>There are thirteen hundred copies of </span><span><em>The Hunting of the Snark</em>, </span><span>and </span><span>Marymount University’s Gomatos Special Collection holds one, but the edition number of the Marymount text isn’t known. The pictures were illustrated by Henry Holiday and the book was published by Macmillan and Co. and printed by R. Clay, Sons, and Taylor, Printers, Bread Street Hill. </span></p>
<p><em>The Hunting of the Snark </em><span>is classified as a nonsense poem and was written to have no meaning whatsoever; nonetheless, many scholars and readers believe that there is some deeper message to be found within Carroll’s poem. They believe that his poem is an allegory due to the last line of the poem, “For the Snark was a Boojum, you see!” From this line, readers suggest the Boojum may be a representation of man’s unending attempts to search for something that can’t be found. Despite Carroll creating this poem with no meaning in mind, meaning was created from it in the most ironic way as readers and scholars take the poem’s last words and turn them into something that they were not meant to be.</span></p>
<p><strong>Further Reading<br /><br /></strong>Consenstein, Peter. "<a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/637369/pdf" target="_blank">The Transmetrical Snark.</a>" Mln 131.4 (2016): 932-43. ProQuest. Web. 25 Oct. 2018.<br /><br />Holquist, Michael. “<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3040720" target="_blank">What Is a Boojum? Nonsense and Modernism.</a>” Yale French Studies, no. 96, 1999, pp. 100–117. JSTOR, JSTOR.<br /><br />Wakeling, Edward. “<a href="https://publicdomainreview.org/2011/02/22/lewis-carroll-and-the-hunting-of-the-snark/" target="_blank">Lewis Carroll and The Hunting of the Snark.</a>” The Public Domain Review, 22 Feb. 2011. </p>
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<a href="https://wrlc-mar.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=creator,exact,Carroll,%20Lewis,AND&sortby=rank&vid=01WRLC_MAR:01WRLC_MAR&facet=creator,exact,Carroll,%20Lewis&mode=advanced" target="_blank">Carrol, Lewis, 1832-1898</a>
<a href="https://wrlc-mar.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=creator,exact,Holiday,%20Henry,AND&sortby=rank&vid=01WRLC_MAR:01WRLC_MAR&facet=creator,exact,Holiday,%20Henry&mode=advanced" target="_blank">Holiday, Henry, 1839-1927</a>
London: Macmillan and Co.
1876
Cox, Sinclair
Dalce, Naiya
xi, 83 p. : ill. ; 19 cm.
English
Document
<a href="https://wrlc-mar.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,The%20hunting%20of%20the%20snark%201876&tab=DN_and_CI&search_scope=DN_and_CI&vid=01WRLC_MAR:01WRLC_MAR&offset=0" target="_blank">https://wrlc-mar.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,The%20hunting%20of%20the%20snark%201876&tab=DN_and_CI&search_scope=DN_and_CI&vid=01WRLC_MAR:01WRLC_MAR&offset=0</a>
The Fable of the Bees
Published originally in 1714, Bernard Mandeville's <em>Fable of the Bees</em> is an important work of political, economic, and cultural satire. Subtitled “Private Vices, Publick Benefits,” The <em>Fable of the Bees</em>' central proposal is that private vices—greed, political hypocrisy, affectation, indulgence, lust, and other egotistical actions—are conditions of possiblity for public prosperity. Without the consideration of the self that these vices embody, apathy would reign, and progress would not occur. Instead of being signs of man's higher being, virtues like law, order, and morality are side effects, created as goods by those who seek to falsely imagine themselves beyond brutes. The Fable of the Bees consists in part of a prose commentary on an earlier philosophical satire in verse by Mandeville, entitled<a href="http://ethnicity.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Texts/hive.html"><em> The Grumbling Hive, or Knaves Turn'd Honest</em></a> (1705)—described in the preface as “a fix penny pamphlet” that was “foon after pyrated, [and] cried about the streets in a halfpenny sheet” (A2r). This poem was reprinted in the Fable. <br /><br />Marymount University's Gomatos Collection contains a copy of the ninth edition, published in 1755 by the Edinburgh printers Gray and Peter--notorious pirates, they are discussed in Richard Scher's <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=gB9liJb5o7UC&lpg=PA694&dq=Gray%20and%20Peter%20printers%20enlightenment&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false"><em>The Enlightenment and the Book: Scottish Authors and their Publishers in Eighteenth-Century Britain, Ireland and America</em></a>. Unfortunately, the Marymount text is incomplete, containing only the first book of what was originally published as a two-volume work. Missing is the second volume, in which Mandeville discusses the necessity of the division of labor. <br /><br />As it is not difficult to see, <em>The Fable of the Bees</em> was the subject of as much debate and criticism as piracy and purchase. Several scholars have taken up the central problematic of Mandeville's infamous text in literary, economic, political, and philosophical terms, and interested readers can learn more by examining the brief bibliography below.<br /><br /><br />
<strong>Edition Information </strong><br /><br />9th ed., to which is added, "A vindication of the book from the aspersions contained in a presentment of the Grand Jury of Middlesex, and an abusive letter to the Lord C."<br /><br />Vol. 2 has title: <em>The fable of the bees, part II.</em> Includes indexes. Imperfect: lacking vol. 2, containing six prose dialogues in which the author further amplified and defended his doctrines.<br /><br />
<strong>Further Reading<br /><br /></strong>Clark, Henry C., ed. <em>Commerce, Culture, and Liberty: Readings on Capitalism before Adam Smith</em>. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2003. <br /><br />Hjort, Anne Mette. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2904594">Mandeville's Ambivalent Modernity</a>." <em>MLN. </em>106.5 (Dec 1991): 951-966. <br /><br />Mandell, Laura. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2873420">Bawds and Merchants: Engendering Capitalist Desires</a>." <em>ELH. </em>59.1 (Spring 1992): 107-123. <br /><br /><br /><table style="height:40px;"><tbody><tr><td> </td>
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<a href="https://wrlc-mar.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=creator,exact,Mandeville,%20Bernard,AND&tab=LibraryCatalog&search_scope=MyInstitution&sortby=rank&vid=01WRLC_MAR:01WRLC_MAR&facet=creator,exact,Mandeville,%20Bernard&mode=advanced&offset=0"> Mandeville, Bernard, 1670-1733. </a>
Edinburgh : Printed for W. Gray and W. Peter
1755
Howe, Tonya
Book, 2 v. ; 17 cm. Library has vol. 1 only.
English
<a href="http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=5776819">http://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=5776819</a>
<em>The Botanic Garden: A Poem in Two Parts</em>
Botany, Natural Science, Natural Philosophy
Erasmus Darwin’s <em>The Botanic Garden, </em>originally published in two volumes in 1792, was praised as a bestseller. <em>Part Two: The Loves of the Plants</em> was published in 1789, and <em>Part One: The Economy of Vegetation</em> was published in 1791 (Priestman). According to <a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/erasmus-darwin">The Poetry Foundation</a>, <em>The Botanic Garden</em> is “structured in rhyming couplets with extensive footnotes [that] addresses a series of scientific concerns, including the beginnings of Darwin’s theory of evolution.” <br /><br /><em>The Botanic Garden</em> is a long poem divided into two sections. The first section, <em>The Economy of Vegetation</em>, is organized into four cantos, each of which focuses on botany and natural science. According to "<a href="http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T001&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=2&docId=GALE%7CCX2356300089&docType=Critical+essay%2C+Work+overview&sort=RELEVANCE&contentSegment=&prodId=GLS&contentSet=GALE%7CCX2356300089&searchId=R2&userGroupName=vic_marymount&inPS=true" target="_blank">The Botanic Garden: The Economy of Vegetation</a>," the format of the first section contains four cantos that focuses on a particular natural affinity that connects to other natural elements in the world; “Canto I focuses on fire, Canto II focuses on earth, Canto III focuses on water, and Canto IV focuses on air." <br /><br /><em>The Economy of Vegetation</em> is recognized as the more successful portion of The Botanic Garden. <em>The Loves of the Plants</em> is also divided into four cantos, and it is narrated by the Goddess of Botany. Both volumes contain footnotes that are detailed scientific observations and extensive explanations on the mythologies involved in the poems. According to Martin Priestman, author of <em>The Poetry of Erasmus Darwin</em>, “the two parts [of the poem] are so different that it makes sense to call each [section] a poem in its own right” (23). <br /><br />Categorized as a didactic poem, <em>The Botanic Garden's</em> purpose was to educate the public on plant life and to present Darwin’s admiration for plants and natural science. The book popularized the study of scientific investigation. This particular work not only interested and inspired scientists, but it also inspired works by Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, including her novel <em>Frankenstein</em> (1832). <em>The Economy of Vegetation</em> includes a “Rosicrucian doctrine” that relates cultural mythology, philosophy and history to the societal values of Darwin’s time. According to the article <em>Botany for Gentleman: Erasmus Darwin and The Loves of the Plants</em>, it is suggested that <em>The Loves of the Plants</em> reinforced the male view of feminine behavior in the late 1700s. Based on the ideas of natural science in <em>The Botanic Garden</em>, the poem did not experience any religious backlash, and his poem was praised by the scientific community. <br /><br />Later on, the poem and Darwin did receive speculation of how he created <em>The Botanic Garden</em>. Priestman explains that the lengthy opening of <em>The Economy of Vegetation</em> may have been borrowed “or perhaps [was] stolen from Anna Seward’s [an eighteenth-century English Romantic poet] ‘Verses Written in Dr. Darwin’s Botanic Garden, Near Lichfield’ dating from 1778” (24). On the other hand, Siobhan Carroll, specialist of British literature of the Romantic century, suggests that Darwin and Seward worked together on the poems related to <em>The Loves of the Plants</em>. <br /><br />By late 1790s, Darwin’s poem began to receive negative philosophical criticism. Due to conservative philosophers of anti-Jacobin perspective, <em>The Botanic Garden</em> started to lose its high reputation, and <em>Anti-Jacobin</em>, an English newspaper founded in 1797, criticized Darwin’s poem (by using Darwin’s own words) as “an exercise in literary and political foolishness” (Carroll). <br /><br />Today, literary scholars refer to Erasmus Darwin through one or more of the other eighteenth century Romantic poets like Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, and Keats in order to present Darwin’s role as the “before” affect to the Romantic period (Priestman).<br /><br /><strong>About the Editions</strong><br /><p>The text in the Marymount University’s Gomatos collection is the first American edition, which was published in 1798, and includes a handwritten note on the flyleaf noting a sale price: "5 vols $25." The American and London editions varied by price and by printing method. The American edition, like the Dublin edition, is printed in octavo, while the London edition is printed in quarto.</p>
<p>Both editions are divided into two volumes, and they are further divided into four cantos, suggesting the Linnean principles of classification. Also, both editions contain detailed footnotes and illustrations. The first London edition of <em>The Botanic Garden</em> was illustrated by William Blake and Henry Fuseli, and the American edition was reprinted with the illustrations by Fuseli. Later editions comprise all content and illustrations in to one volume.</p>
<p><strong>About the Author<br /><br /></strong>Erasmus Darwin was born in Nottinghamshire, England in 1731, and he was the grandfather of Charles Darwin, whom wrote <em>the </em><em>Origin of Species</em> in 1859. Darwin was a physician, poet, and botanist. His strong interest in botany, later, inspired him to write <em>The Botanic Garden</em>. He had also written <em>Zoonomia</em> (1796) and <a href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=rLVLAAAAcAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA2&dq=Erasmus+Darwin&ots=ErH1pDHRbS&sig=940BQKMJFP0TKrynb2jzK5tcfrk#v=onepage&q=Erasmus%20Darwin&f=false" target="_blank">A Plan for the Conduct of Female Education, in Boarding Schools</a> (1797). Darwin was a founding member of the Lunar Society of Birmingham, which greatly influenced the industrial revolution in the late eighteenth-century, which came to also influence the fashion, ideas, and beliefs of English and American society. In 1802, Darwin died due to a lung infection, and his last work, <em>The Temple Nature</em>,was published in 1803.<br /><br /><strong>Further Reading<br /><br /></strong><span>Browne, Janet. “<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/234174.pdf" target="_blank">Botany for Gentleman: Erasmus Darwin and ‘The Love of Plants</a>’” <em>Isis</em>, vol. 80, no. 4, 1989, pp. 592-621. JSTOR, JSTOR.<br /><br /><span>Carroll, Siobhan. “<a href="http://www.branchcollective.org/?ps_articles=siobhan-carroll-on-erasmus-darwins-the-botanic-garden-1791-1792" target="_blank">On Erasmus Darwin’s The Botanic Garden, 1791-1792</a>.” BRANCH: Britain, Representation and Nineteenth-Century History. Ed. Dino Franco Felluga. Extension of Romanticism and Victorianism on the Net. Web. Accessed 31 Oct. 2018.</span><br /></span><br />Emery, Clark. “<a href="http://proxymu.wrlc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/222959963?accountid=27975." target="_blank">Scientific Theory in Erasmus Darwin's ‘The Botanic Garden’ (1789-91)</a>.” Isis, vol. 33, no. 3, 1941, pp. 315–325. <em>JSTOR</em>, JSTOR.<br /><a href="Emery,%20Clark.%20%E2%80%9CScientific%20Theory%20in%20Erasmus%20Darwin's%20%E2%80%98The%20Botanic%20Garden%E2%80%99%20(1789-91).%E2%80%9D%20Isis,%20vol.%2033,%20no.%203,%201941,%20pp.%20315%E2%80%93325.%20JSTOR,%20JSTOR,%20www.jstor.org/stable/330787" target="_blank"><br /></a>"<a href="https://academic.eb.com/levels/collegiate/article/Erasmus-Darwin/29406" target="_blank">Erasmus Darwin</a>." Britannica Academic, <em>Encyclopædia Britannica</em>, 20 Oct. 2008. Accessed 1 Nov. 2018.<br /><br /><span>“<a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/erasmus-darwin" target="_blank">Erasmus Darwin</a>” Poetry Foundation. 30 Oct. 2018.</span><br /><br /><span>Garfinkle, Norton. “<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2707638.pdf" target="_blank">Science and Religion in England, 1790-1800: The Critical Response to the Work of Erasmus Darwin</a>.” The Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 16, no. 3, 1955, pp. 376-388. <em>JSTOR</em>, JSTOR.<br /><br /></span><span><span>George, Sam. “<a href="http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=60fa94b1-b1bc-46ed-bf0f-21e004ef35d7%40sessionmgr4008" target="_blank">Carl Linnaeus, Erasmus Darwin and Anna Seward: Botanical Poetry and Female Education</a>.” Science & Education, vol. 23, no. 3, Mar. 2014, <span><span>pp. 673–694, <em><span>EBSCOhost</span></em></span></span>.</span><br /><br />Page, M. (2005). “<a href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/198414070/fulltextPDF/C22B0E96E8A04AE4PQ/1?accountid=27975" target="_blank">The Darwin before Darwin: Erasmus Darwin, Visionary Science, and Romantic poetry.</a>” Papers on Language and Literature, 41(2), 146-169.<br /><br /><span><span>Priestman, Martin. </span><span>The Poetry of Erasmus Darwin: Enlightened Spaces, Romantic Times</span><span>. Burlington, Ashgate, 2013. Print. </span></span><br /><br /><span>"<a href="http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T001&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=2&docId=GALE%7CCX2356300089&docType=Critical+essay%2C+Work+overview&sort=RELEVANCE&contentSegment=&prodId=GLS&contentSet=GALE%7CCX2356300089&searchId=R2&userGroupName=vic_marymount&inPS=true" target="_blank">The Botanic Garden: The Economy of Vegetation</a>." British Writers, Supplement 16, edited by Jay Parini, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2010, pp. 129-131. Gale Virtual Reference Library, </span><span><span>Accessed 30 Oct. 2018.</span></span><br /></span></p>
<a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/erasmus-darwin%20" target="_blank">Erasmus Darwin, 1731-1802</a>
New York: Printed by T&J Swords
1798
Lawton, Jordan
Torrico, Julia
2v. :ill.; 23cm
English
Poem
<a href="https://wrlc-mar.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9940174503604106&context=L&vid=01WRLC_MAR:01WRLC_MAR&search_scope=DN_and_CI&tab=DN_and_CI&lang=en">https://wrlc-mar.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9940174503604106&context=L&vid=01WRLC_MAR:01WRLC_MAR&search_scope=DN_and_CI&tab=DN_and_CI&lang=en</a>
New experiments on electricity
New experiments on electricity: wherein the causes of thunder and lightning as well as the constant state of positive or negative electricity in the air or clouds, are explained : with experiments on clouds of powders and vapours artificially diffused in the air : also a description of a doubler of electricity, and of the most sensible electrometer yet constructed : with other new experiments and discoveries in the science : illustrated by explanatory plates
Atmospheric electricity --Early works to 1800.
Electricity --Early works to 1850.
This original copy was printed in 1789, the very plain design of the cover of the book with the rough uneven edges of the pages give the book a very notebook or journal like feel rather than a professionally printed book. Also the handwritten annotations in the margins from the original owner of the book significantly add to the historic notebook feel of the book.
It was written by Rev. Abraham Bennet who was a clergyman and natural philosopher, a very rare and interesting combination of professions for the time period. It was this book that established Bennet’s “reputation for science amongst the philosophers of all countries”. New Experiments in Electricity was a summary of all of his electrical work and experiments at the time. Two of his most important inventions, the gold-leaf electroscope and the doubler of electricity are discussed in great detail in the book with pull out diagrams showing how they were constructed and how they function. The book goes on to discuss the details of Bennet’s various experiments and the results of each. His best known experiment is also recorded in this book, the use of his invention; the gold-leaf electroscope to develop the concept of what he called Adhesive electricity. It is this experiment that would go on to inspire Alessandro Volta and lead to his formation of the contact theory.
Abraham Bennet
Derby [England] : Printed by J. Drewry,
1789
Nathan Aultice
Book
English
Document
https://catalog.wrlc.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3983803
The German Spy
In familiar letters from Munster, Paderborn, Osnabrug, Minden, ... Written by a gentleman on his travels, ... with a prefatory account of these letters, and explanatory notes, by Thomas Lediard, Esq
First published in 1738, <em>The German Spy</em> is an English travel narrative writtnen in the epistolary form from the perspective of an English spy. The work's preface serves as an attempt to convince the reader of the authenticity of the letters, a claim made by Thomas Lediard, owner of the letters, and supported by an unnamed English nobleman. The letters date from the early 1700s, and orginate in various German towns, discussing such topics as the political climate of Germany, the Duchy of Bremen, and the Principlaity of Verden after war with Sweden and Denmark, the plight of Jews who populate the poorhouses, the development of Libertinism of Hamburg, and the decline of the economic dominance of the English in Germany. The letters also recount personal interactions with important members of various German towns that have the appearance of both general interest and espionage.
Anonymous
London: Printed for J. Mechell and J. Bailey
1738
Norris, Benjamin